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SAN FRANCISCO Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 Habanaro Red Rojas Negras Espaņa , June 3 (Xinhua) -- New research suggests the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB) alter their metabolism to combat exposure to antimicrobials, and new drugs could neutralize the metabolic "escape pathways" to shorten the duration of therapy.
The findings, published recently in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, are hailed as important because the respiratory disease kills nearly 2 million people a year worldwide Hombre Nike HyperAdapt 1.0 Olive Flak Negras Naranja Espaņa , and its long treatment regimen leads to poor compliance and, in turn, drug-resistant germs.
About one-third of the global population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mtb Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 JP Negras Blancas Espaņa , though only a small percentage will develop TB.
For those who do, treatment is basically the same now as it was a half-century ago: taking a combination of drugs for six months, because the germs do not die easily.
Luiz Bermudez and collaborators at the veterinary college of Oregon State University (OSU), as well as researchers at OSU's colleges of science and pharmacy and Oregon Health & Science University Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 JP Team Naranja Negras Espaņa , took a biology-driven approach to learn how Mtb prolongs survival following exposure to bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobials.
In an effort to investigate how the bacteria reacted to each class of anti-TB drug with the goal of making headway toward developing a more-reasoned combination therapy, the researchers studied the proteomic responses of the bacteria to five compounds, namely isoniazid, rifampicin Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 JP Casual Negras Rojas Espaņa , moxifloxacin, mefloquine and bedaquiline, and discovered escape pathways and enzymes associated with changes in metabolic state.
"When we looked at the enzymes carefully, we realized the enzymes being synthesized by the bacteria were enzymes connecting several different metabolic pathways Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 Blancas Pure Platinum Espaņa ," Bermudez said.
"Then we came up with the idea that maybe what the bacteria were trying to do, in the presence of a bactericidal compound that was threatening their way of living, was use other ways to survive. One of the things we saw, for example Hombre Nike HyperAdapt 1.0 Blancas Grises Espaņa , was a shift to an anaerobic metabolism, which makes a lot of drugs inactive and incapable of killing bacteria."
Using a combination of drugs to treat TB arose as an attempt to prevent antibiotic resistance, he noted.
"But the antibiotics used were never a rational combination of drugs and in some cases they could antagonize each other," he was quoted as saying in a news release from OSU.
"If we can use another compound that inhibits bacteria from shifting metabolic pathways Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 Blancas Espaņa , then we get a more reliable and desirable synergy of therapy. That might have a significant impact on reducing the time needed for therapy and improving compliance and, consequently, reducing the emergence of resistance."
"The gene inactivation of some of these enzymes results in improved drug efficacy against Mtb," he said. "The identified proteins may provide powerful targets for development of synergistic drugs aimed to accelerate bacterial killing."
The researchers said that anyone who's ever had trouble sticking with a 10-day antibiotic regimen for an ear infection can understand the hurdles in taking multiple medicines for a couple of dozen weeks Hombre Nike Hyperadapt 1.0 Negras Azules Espaņa , especially given the numerous side effects of the TB drugs.
Another compliance issue is that TB is particularly prevalent in impoverished countries in which patients often live great distances from pharmacies and other medical facilities.
"Because of problems with compliance, you have resistance becoming more and more of an issue," said Bermudez.
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PARIS， March 14 (Xinhua) -- "The European Union will not be let down by (U.S. President) Donald Trump，" said Jean-Dominique Giuliani， president of the Robert Schuman Foundation， a French center on European issues.
In an interview with Xinhua， Giuliani said the European Union "will find the means to react because it is unanimous enough to be less dependent on U.S. citizens".
U.S. PROTECTIONISM
U.S. protectionism can have a "positive" impact on the Sino-European relationship， according to the expert who noted "discussions are underway between China and the European Union for a free trade agreement".
"The Sino-European relationship is good but the European Union wants the Chinese market to be more open to investors... Europeans are more open to Chinese products than U.S. citizens， but the EU is looking for a better reciprocity with China，" he said.
"Politically， the two powers share the same points of view on major global issues such as governance， environment， conflict and a stable Asia is in the interest of Europe，" said Giuliani.
"No one has any interest in a trade war， especially since the European Union remains the world's largest trading power. Europe remains for the United States as for China， the world's largest consumer market and that won't change all of a sudden， even without Britain，" he added.
Giuliani noted that Brexit has little impact on the EU economy which reported the same growth rate as the United States in 2016， mainly due the European central bank policy and convergence of economic approach of the bloc's leading powers.
"It's not yet sufficient but there are important presidential election this year particularly in France， where the presidential election could bring the missing link to a more sustained recovery and a more respected and strengthened . Alejandro Palacios Mexico Jersey Cheap Italy Jerseys Cheap Germany Jerseys Vieirinha Portugal Jersey Steve Mandanda France Jersey Ryan Bertrand England Jersey Sime Vrsaljko Croatia Jersey Sebastian Perez Colombia Jersey Weverton Brazil Jersey Zakaria Bakkali Belgium Jersey |
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